Tuesday, August 25, 2020

Oliver Twist Essays (332 words) - English-language Films

Oliver Twist Nancy a wonderful depiction of a mother life figure, stays standing for a poor honest kid. She deals with Oliver, a poor vagrant. Nancy likewise has a contention with in herself picking between great or underhandedness. Nancy was regularly beaten. Thinking it was to late for her to scan for a superior life, she remained in the organization of the criminals. Indeed, even with the rough disposition, Bill one of the criminal's in the pack, had towards her Nancy provoked him to guarantee the security of Oliver. Nancy assumed fault for events that could have caused Oliver to become hurt. At the point when Oliver is gotten, conveying books for Mr. Brownlow, Nancy and Bill Sikes take him to the forts that the hoodlums live in. There he is striped of his fabrics, cash and books. Nancy battles for Oliver's wellbeing among the men in the room. Hold back the pooch, Bill! cried Nancy, springing before the entryway and shutting it, as the Jew and his two students shot out in interest. Hold back the pooch: he'll tear the kid to pieces. Teach him a thing or two! cried Sikes, attempting to separate himself from the young lady's grip. Remain off from me, or I'll part your head against the divider. I couldn't care less for that Bill, I couldn't care less for that, shouted the young lady, battling viciously with the man: the youngster shan't be torn somewhere near the canine, except if you execute me first.(150) With the catch of Oliver Fagin the pioneer of the pack and Bill were disturbed that Oliver had run away. Bill's canine being in the room about tears Oliver the shreds yet Nancy spares him. Having this messy, appalling universe of wrongdoing pulled over her eyes, Nancy is irritated by how Oliver is dealt with and attempts to shield him from the shrewd world. Nancy being beat by Sikes is casualty brutality subsequently doesn't think she has some other life to go to. She makes some hard memories with great and insidiousness choosing where she stands. Be that as it may, she is resolved to deal with Oliver so he can have a superior life.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

The Inflexibility and Hubris of Okonkwo in Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall

The Inflexibility and Hubris of Okonkwo in Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart This tale is the complete lamentable model about the disintegration of the African Ibo culture by Nigerian creator, Chinua Achebe. Okonkwo, an incredible and courageous pioneer, is bound by his resoluteness and hubris. He is driven by dread of disappointment. He had no tolerance with fruitless men. He had no tolerance with his dad. Unoka, for that was his dad's name, had kicked the bucket ten years back. In his day he was apathetic and improvident, and was very unequipped for pondering tomorrow. (Achebe,4). The peruser gets an uncommon and outlandish comprehension of an absolutely remote and antiquated culture encountering the developing agonies of pilgrim extension during the British mastery of Nigeria in the late 1800's. Okonkwo's fierceness is shown in the completing of his own fear precisely inside his family, his locale, and the intruders. His fierceness, conceived of dread, is his malevolence. During the Week of Peace, one of Okonkwo's spouses, Ojiugo, has left the compound, disregarding her kids and residential obligations, to plait her hair. Also, when she returned, he beat her intensely. In his annoyance he had overlooked that it was the Week of Peace. His initial two spouses ran out in incredible caution begging him that it was the hallowed week. (Achebe, 29) But Okonkwo was not a man to quit beating someone part of the way through, not in any event, because of a paranoid fear of a goddess. (Achebe, 30) Being not able to twist, he loses poise and in the end all he has once represented. The epic models rituals, commencements, and ancestral traditions whose pictures can be upsetting to western attitude, yet additionally focuses on the equals and need in all societies to have such services recognizing significant occasions in... ... make intriguing perusing. One could nearly compose an entire section on him. Maybe not an entire section but rather a sensible passage, at any rate ... He had just picked the title of the book, after much idea: The Pacification of the Primitive Tribes On The Lower Niger. (Achebe, 208-209) Achebe proposes that expansionism has prompted this whole catastrophe, however the seeds of fear and self-will are evident in Okonkwo. He isn't a survivor. We will likely endure. In our excursion through this life of good and abhorrence impacts, we deliberately pick our own end by the decisions we make en route. Achievement can be characterized as the acknowledgment of the entirety of our experience that has driven us where we are today. Acknowledgment of ourselves is the way to acknowledgment and resistance of others. Works Cited Achebe, Chinua. Things Fall Apart. Oxford, Eng.: Heinemann Educational Pub., 1996.

Sunday, July 26, 2020

We met an alumnus from the Class of 1952

We met an alumnus from the Class of 1952 At 9:50 last night, Lucas ‘14 and I were walking through Building 14 to go bouldering on MITs climbing wall. As we rounded the corner, a woman called out: “Please, will you help us? We need somebody who is very strong!” Building 14 is shaped like a square and has a square courtyard cut out in the middle. The hallways along the edges are lined with big windows, and one of the windows was flapping around on its hinge. The woman was standing with an elderly man, and the two of them had been trying unsuccessfully to fasten it shut. The climbing wall is run by volunteer staff, who are in many cases experienced MIT students. Lucas has been climbing since his freshman year and is now a staff member, which means that he has the authority to open up the wall whenever he likes. It also means that he is very strong, so I pointed at him and announced that “he’s very strong!” Lucas dutifully hopped over to the window and tugged. He realized that there was a problem with the latch and rod, and started fiddling with them. I realized that it would be easier to close the window from the outside, so I gingerly stepped through the window into the courtyard. Lucas pulled out a Leatherman from his pocket (Lucas, why did you have a Leatherman in your pocket?) and I supported the window with a knee and both hands. From outside, I could see how the latch had to be adjusted in order for the locking mechanism to work, so I called instructions through the window. The man and woman stood back and watched. I thought, this is what it must be like to play an Olympic sport. They ooh’d and aah’d, and Lucas got a particularly loud “WOW!” when he pulled out his Leatherman. The man asked what Lucas is majoring in (physics) and said something about how engineers, not physicists, do things like carry around tools. Finally, the window locked. I waved silently at Lucas and our two new friends through the window, then wandered around the courtyard perimeter until I found a way to get back into the hallway. After receiving extensive congratulations from our spectators, we said our goodbyes and “you’re welcome”s and hurried out of Building 14 towards Walker Memorial, home of the bouldering wall. It was dark and drizzling. Out of nowhere, a guy came hurtling in our direction and, huffing and puffing, managed to spit out “Kresge Auditorium. Where is it?” I looked around. Were we on some reality TV show about MIT students helping strangers? Lucas apparently has a much faster reaction time than I do, since in the seconds it took for me to process what had been asked, he was already walking the stranger over to the end of the Infinite Corridor. In the meantime, the two people from Building 14 caught up with us. They had heard the exchange, and the elderly man leaned towards me as if sharing a secret. “your friend isn’t a physicist, he revealed. He’s a social worker!” After chatting for a few more minutes, it emerged that the man is an MIT alumnus: Class of 1952.  He lived in Senior Haus and majored in Course 10 (Chemical Engineering). He visited his old dorm room last year, he said, and “it has been changed quite a bit.” He asked what area of physics we work in (condensed matter for Lucas, astrophysics for me) and what our plans are for next year (Harvard grad school for Lucas, Germany for a year and then Caltech grad school for me). “I went to Harvard for graduate school too!” he said, “in environmental science.” Finally, he said that it must be finals period (it is) and that he should let us go study (I didn’t mention that we were on our way to go rock climbing, not to study). We shook hands and exchanged names. He wished us luck with everything and ambled away in the rain, while his companion called out to me and said “HE WORKED ON THE APOLLO 11 PROJECT!” Lucas and I walked up the stairs into Walker Memorial. I said that I think it’s wonderful that this is the kind of institution that alums come back to visit when they’re over 80 years old. Lucas said that he hopes he does the same.

Friday, May 22, 2020

Traffic Jam in Lagos State, Nigeria - 1434 Words

TRAFFIC JAM IN LAGOS STATE, CAUSES AND EFFECTS INTRODUCTION Traffic Jam is a condition on road networks that occurs as use increases, and is characterized by slower speeds, longer trip times and increased vehicular queuing. There are all sorts of things that give Lagos a bad name. If it’s not the heaps of rubbish on the roads or the unwelcome attention you get from area boys and armed robbers, then it’s the epileptic power supply. But these arent really a problem if youre rich enough to buy a car with heavily tinted windows, live in a relatively crime free area and get a generator. The one thing that you cant get away from (unless you are drawing megawatts of power from the political grid and can get your own siren to blast your way†¦show more content†¦5. Rush hour: When motorists are caught up on some particular roads during rush-hour, it causes more traffic. This is often between 6am to 9am and 4pm to 11pm. 6. The Police Checkpoint Traffic Jam: It wouldn’t be so bad if they chose to set up their checkpoints near a pothole, but no? It’s usually the straightest, smoothest, driest roads they choose to snarl up with their toll booths? Sorry, checkpoints. 7. The Fuel Queue Traffic Jam: This type of jam is usually found near petrol stations when there is a fuel shortage, and is caused by vehicles queuing for fuel and taking up whole lanes of traffic as a result. That’s bad enough, but the tension created by a large number of drivers desperate to get hold of fuel from the small amount available at the station means that this type of jam easily spawns lots of children Vehicle Accident and Undisciplined Driver Traffic Jams. 8. The High Human Density Traffic Jam. I know that the road is for vehicles and the pavements (or what pass for pavements in Lagos) are for pedestrians and other non-road users. But there are places (like Idumota and Oshodi) where there is such a density of human beings that the mass of non-road users oozes into the road and gums up the traffic. It’s often so bad that you even have pedestrian traffic jams alongside the vehicular jams. Economic effects of Traffic Jam on the Society and Environment Traffic jam affects the society in the following ways: 1. It creates mental stress in motorists 2.Show MoreRelatedChurch Proliferation in Nigeria Society4318 Words   |  18 Pages– October 2011] ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF CHURCH PROLIFERATION: THE REDEEMED CHRISTIAN CHURCH OF GOD AS A CASE STUDY IBIYINKA OLUSOLA ADESANYA, PhD DEPARTMENT OF RELIGIOUS STUDIES SOCIOLOGY OF RELIGION UNIVERSITY OF ADO-EKITI ADO-EKITI, EKITI STATE NIGERIA Abstract The environmental effects of proliferation of churches continued to be a major concern to all and particularly those in the mainstream of environmental protection. 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But there are also upside risks especially to inflation, which could create challenges for Nigeria given emergingRead MoreAirline and Virgin Atlantic Airways9278 Words   |  38 Pagesservice experience. The airline introduced luxury i.e. business travel amenities that are not offered to first-class passengers of other airlines such as state-of-the-art reclining seats, in-flight massages, hair stylists, aromatherapists and motorcycle and limo home pick-up service. Also, a luxury boat service was offered to subjugate London traffic jams. These features among others change the travel experience of customers, may it be from first or economy classes. Virgin Atlantic Airways aims to recreate

Friday, May 8, 2020

Analysis Of The Movie Carrie - 1245 Words

Carrie was more of a quiet person who never did anything to anyone. She worked hard on her grades. She wasn’t a very outgoing person. Carrie’s hair was dyed pink, she usually wore ripped jeans and plain t-shirts. Alison on the other hand was the total opposite of Carrie. Alison was known as the school bully. She never did her homework, and she was loud and outgoing and not to mention very mean. Alison had black hair and usually wore shorts and t-shirts. Both Carrie and Alison had blue eyes. One day Carrie was walking down the hallway, they hallway had white walls and white tiled floor with one colorful tiled tile. Alison was walking towards her. When Alison got closer to Carrie she started bullying her by saying very mean and offensive things to her like â€Å"You’re stupid, you’re ugly and no one likes you!’’ Carrie didn’t say anything to her just ignored her. When Alison saw Carrie had no reaction she pushed Carrie into a wall. Carrie hit the back of her head on the locker and fell to her knees afterwards. She cried because of the pain it caused. Months went by and Alison’s bullying got worse verbally and physically. One day it got to Carrie and she finally stood up for herself, she wasn’t going to get bullied into silence. The next day Alison came up to her and before she could say anything Carrie said in a firm voice â€Å"What is your problem? I’ve never done anything to you. Why are you bullying me? If something is going on at home talk to someone about it.’’ Alison justShow MoreRelatedMovie Sex And The City1735 Words   |  7 Pages The romantic comedy movie Sex and the City was centered on four main characters. The story was told in the point of view of the main character, Carrie Bradshaw. For the purpose of the concept analysis paper, we were told to evaluate possible characters who may exhibit possible mental disorders. 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The movie was produced by Suzanne and Jennifer Todd, and was directed by Christopher Nolan. Christopher Nolan also wrote the short story and screenplay. This film is about a man named Leonard, played by Guy Pearce, who suffered a major brain injury to the hippocampus that left him with a rare memory disorder called anterograde amnesiaRead MoreBec Case Questions Chapter 51166 Words   |  5 PagesCase Study - (2,6,7,8,9) 2. Develop a detailed project schedule for the analysis phase and a general project schedule for subsequent phases of this project. This schedule should follow from answers to questions in BEC cases from prior chapters and from any class project guidelines given to you by your instructor. Be prepared to suggest a different overall schedule than the 18 workweeks indicated in the case if your available project time is different from this project length. Also prepareRead MoreThe Dipiction of Teens in Society through Films2480 Words   |  10 Pageshave negative views. 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Each character is everything youRead MoreA Response To Night Shift : Strawberry Spring Short Story1220 Words   |  5 Pagesnovels and short stories with creepy settings; King admits that he fears bugs to add to the list of things that freaks him out. One of his earlier short stories from 1976, women at college fall victim to a â€Å"Jack the Ripper† style character. My analysis of King’s use of the literary elements, combined with his horror reflected in his short story, â€Å"Strawberry Spring†. (The Fact Site, 8 Apr. 2017) Author Stephen Edwin King was born on September 21, 1947, in Portland, Maine. King is one of the mostRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Strawberry Spring By Stephen King1288 Words   |  6 Pagesfall victim to a â€Å"Jack the Ripper† style character with a mysterious fog that weighs heavy over the campus. King, the narrator, also a student, leads us on a twisted tale in a foggy New England town to search who committed the horrifying acts. My analysis of Stephen King’s use of the literary elements, together with his history of horror reflected from his short story, â€Å"Strawberry Spring† (The Fact Site, 8 Apr. 2017) Author Stephen Edwin King was born on September 21, 1947, in Portland, Maine. KingRead MoreIron Jawed Angels2588 Words   |  11 PagesTitle: Summary, Reaction, and Analysis Paper #1: Iron-Jawed Angels Iron Jawed Angels is a story of two women fighting for women’s rights. They led the struggle for the passage of the 19th amendment to the constitution which gave women the right to vote. These two women along with others petitioned, campaigned, and picketed to publicize the issue. After being arrested for â€Å"traffic violations† a group of women spent time in Occoquan Workhouse. Here they went on a hunger strike to protest

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Viral Marketing Effectiveness and Implementation Free Essays

Word-Of-Mouth Marketing: Effectiveness and Implementation Submitted by: Spandana Araga Marketing II Term Paper How it works Advertising agencies and marketing experts get paid big money to create ads that are unforgettable. But getting those ads seen and getting people to talk about them are two of the biggest challenges facing any advertiser these days. It is a common misconception that memorable marketing campaigns require big budgets. We will write a custom essay sample on Viral Marketing: Effectiveness and Implementation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Somewhere along the line, marketers came up with a brilliant solution: let the customers spread the word themselves.Word-OfMouth Marketing(WOM), also known as Viral Marketing consists of advertising campaigns and messages that depend on peer to peer forwarding. WOM plays on the common sense that when a person likes something, they want to talk about it. They create a potential for exponential growth like a â€Å"virus†, and hence the name. Trusav et al (2009) in a study of WOM versus traditional marketing found that WOM referrals have a strong impact on new customer acquisition. The long-term elasticity of signups with respect to WOM was estimated to be . 3. The elasticity for WOM is approximately 20 times higher than that for marketing events and 30 times that of media appearances Effectiveness of WOM According to the article, â€Å"Word-Of-Mouth Marketing will change your business† by Hedges and Chung word-of-mouth marketing â€Å"gives brands a powerful and influential way to engage their target audience. The article talks about how consumers are very vocal about their views especially when it comes to personal care products like cosmetics.Projections by eMarketer predict 72 million U. S. adults will regularly give WOM advice about products or services in 2011, up from 65 million in 2006. There are 3. 5 billion WOM conversations occurring daily in the U. S. , according to the Keller Fay Group. Though 92% of these conversations are through off line means- face to face or phone- a vast majority of the influencers depend on the internet to get more information and make decisions.From plain old word of mouth, now with the use of social networking sites such as facebook, youtube and twitter, the effects of viral marketing campaigns can be amplified. For example Barack Obama got the youth to vote, a task many thought impossible, by utilizing social networking sites. He accomplished this by strategically tapping into nearly every major social media outlet. At the time of Obama’s inauguration in January 2009, the President had 3 million friends on facebook, 3000 videos on Youtube and several followers on twitter and myspace.Implementation Though most marketers will agree that WOM is an effective marketing tool, surprisingly, not many choose to utilise it. A CMO Council survey found 56% of senior marketers saying their companies have no programs to track or propagate positive WOM. Marketers would benefit by keeping track of what is being said about their product and learning ways to infiltrate, influence and spark conversations about their products. Word of Mouth Marketing Association outlines some positive WOM guidelines. The first is creating communities and connecting people. This can be in the form of creating user groups and fan clubs, supporting independent groups that form around your product, hosting discussions and message boards about your products. Avon hired Communispace to create a private online customer community, where the company can develop and maintain relationships with its brand advocates. Another guideline is motivating brand advocates and evangelists to actively promote a product by providing recognition and tools to active advocates, recruiting new advocates, and teaching new advocates about the benefits of the products and encouraging them to spread the word.For example WOM services such as SheSpeaks and BzzAgent are a great way to recruit new brand advocates and engage them into the brand. The initial conversation starter is product sampling, but long-lasting relationships can be formed. It is of outmost importance to engage in transparent conversation. WOM campaigns work best when the marketer can engage in two-way conversation wit h consumers. Some simple ways to execute include creating blogs and other tools to share information or participating openly on online blogs and discussions.For a brand to build an impactful WOM online or off -line campaign some touch-points need to be defined. First the marketer needs to identify who the â€Å"Talkers† are-the ideal brand advocates who will tell their friends about the brand. This target group has to be defined and then be wooed to become true advocates for the brand. Next, the â€Å"Tools† have to be identified- the campaign mediums or resources through which the message can travel (online, off-line or integrated).An effective tactic to make the message spread faster is to disguise the message as something which is entertaining and interesting enough that it begs to be passed around. It needs to be remembered that viral marketing is not about the product but about the message. Next it is to be decided how the brand owner will be â€Å"Taking Part†- how the marketer should directly or indirectly join the conversation while being careful not to be heavy-handed and giving thousands or millions of potential customers a platform to interact. An important final step is â€Å"Tracking†.It has to be decided on how the research will be collected, analyzed, disseminated and utilized to best impact the brand. A mistake many marketers do is rushing into a WOM campaign without a clear strategy or vision. There is a dangerous flipside to WOM- in the absence of an authentic, wellconstructed brand message, consumers will unleash their own impressions which could be positive or negative to fill the void, and today’s speed of light communication platforms enable those homemade brand messages to travel at lightening speed.Brands must fiercely protect the brand assets and remain loyal to the core brand identity in order to gain the respect of the masses. Profitable brands can be built on deploying WOM smartly. The online success of the beauty brand e. l. f. Cosmetics is a good example. Joseph Shamah, the brand’s CEO says that WOM has been very effective for them and more than 80% of their customers say they heard about the brand from a friend. How to cite Viral Marketing: Effectiveness and Implementation, Papers

Tuesday, April 28, 2020

Religion and the Founding of the American Republic free essay sample

G. K. Chesterton depicts the early republic as a nation with the soul of a church 1 meaning that America was founded on religious principles. Many of those who came to the colonies did so for religious refuge from the Church of England. Although there were many independent religious groups in the new colonies, the commonality they shared was the desire to practice their separate beliefs. This religious foundation influenced the political and social structure of the colonies as they became an independent and separate nation from Great Britain. Colonists seeking religious efuge from England characterized the early days of the American colonies. Religious freedom was the unifying factor among colonists coming to America to escape persecution from The Church of England. The Monarchy left very little room for individuality or independence among religious groups, thus groups such as the Puritans and Roman Catholics came to America seeking refuge from persecution. They were seeking a place where they would have the opportunity to share and practice their religious beliefs. We will write a custom essay sample on Religion and the Founding of the American Republic or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This common ground of religious refuge was a crucial catalyst in the American Revolution. However, because there was no monarchy forcing the citizenry to conform to one religion, division was created among colonists. Puritans wishing to cleanse the Church of England from Catholic influence commonly came into conflict with Roman Catholics, many times persecuting or even banishing them from the region in some cases. In the case of Puritans in Massachusetts who were not tolerant of any other religious group, Presbyterians, Baptists, and Quakers were banished and Catholics were not accepted. The same happened with Virginian Anglicans saying if not our religion, no religion. 2 This intolerance led toa separation between people, which inevitably weakened America. The founders of America realized the success of Pennsylvania with its emphasis on separation of church and state. People were given the choice of which religion to follow without the government interfering or persecuting them. Religion in the early republic was the base for politics and government. A new structure of government had to be formed in the new nation, as they were no longer governed by a monarchy. It was agreed that the former political structure did not work and an entirely new government run y the people, for the people was necessary for the future success of America. Congress was both a supporting and an opposing force of Christianity and religion. Laws requiring the population as a whole to attend church and be catechized by ministers were enforced to keep a strong Christian influence in American society, as well as the printing of the first English language Bibles, authorized by Congress. Government was not always in favor of freedom of religion, especially on the state level. In New Amsterdam, the Dutch governor, not in support of welcoming all religions as William Penn was, tried to make free worship difficult for Jews. In Maryland staunch Puritans deported Catholic leaders to England as prisoners after inspiration from the English Civil War and later attempted to outlaw the Catholic governments were often not as open to ideas as each region had a different religious sect that was not accepting of other groups. Pennsylvania was a prime and isolated example of a state that welcomed all religious groups without persecution. Congress was extremely influenced by Christianity, as shown by their adoption of a covenant theology which said that there was a sort of contract between man and God whereas God would use punishment as payment for his sins and reward him with blessings for his faithfulness. The war with Britain was seen through the covenant theology as a punishment from God for Americas sins. America as a whole had to recognize Gods overruling Providence, the war and the evils that caused it, confess and repent of their sins, and look for deliverance from God. Perhaps this is why Congress stressed America as a whole remaining Christian. Religion in America also supported the American Revolution for independence as stated by Charles Mayhew: Resistance to a tyrant [is] a glorious Christian duty3. The yearning for religious freedom, regardless of which group of Christianity they were a part of, united colonists. Without this desire, the American Revolution would never have occurred, or at the very least would have been postponed many years. If they had been satisfied with complying to British law and Joining the Church of England there never would have been a sense of urgency to separate for their religion. It was the need to follow their own individual set of beliefs that sparked a revolutionary attitude. Preachers of the time used religion combined with politics to incite this patriotic feeling in colonists hat caused the Revolution. To a certain extent one could say America was founded on religious freedom, however this is not entirely true. The majority of colonists did come to America to practice their religious beliefs. The Pilgrims who were Puritans had tried to purify the Church of England, but were rejected and persecuted because of it. They came to Massachusetts for refuge. There is an ironic tone in the fact that people came to escape religious persecution though because upon arriving, the Puritans persecuted groups such as the Catholics, Baptists, and Quakers. In Maryland, like stated above, Baptists, Presbyterians, and Quakers were all banished and an attempt was made to go as far as outlawing Catholicism. Anne Hutchinson, the first female religious leader, was banished from Boston and had to seek refuge in Rhode Island due to the fact that she did not conform to Puritan thought. Despite America being a place of refuge for martyred peoples, persecution still made its way through. There were few places in early America such as Pennsylvania that were actually accepting of all religious groups. It is obvious that early America was a place ounded on religion, however, it is less evident that it was a Christian nation. Colonists did come because they did not want to follow any government mandated religion, they wanted to follow what they thought was the true religion, showing that Christianity was important to them. In fact they felt their belief was the right belief so strongly that they were willing to fght their mother country which was much larger, more established, and prepared than they were, to protect their right to religious freedom. A personal relationship with God was also more important to colonists. Like in the Protestant Reformation, colonists wanted not to be told what to believe, they wanted to believe what their denomination believed. The point can be made though that many American colonists simply followed their religion because that is what example, was not colonized by religiously passionate people but mainly by businessmen chasing money and power. Religious people did not always portray Christian characteristics either, shown in the mistreatment of Native Americans and other religious groups. In the case of the Puritans who persecuted other religious roups that came to America for similar reasons, they did not show Christ-like tolerance and kindness as the Quakers did. They were not entirely unified under Christ either as the Bible commands. Religion in the Early Republic can be classified in several ways. It was generic in that Congress supported religion and Christian principles nationwide. Unlike Englands monarchy which supported only the Church of England, Congress supported Christianity as a whole, not a specific denomination of Christianity. The concept of religious freedom unifying colonists of early America is lso relatively general. They were not unified as being all Quakers seeking religious refuge or only Catholics, they were unified by their separate identities. Because they did not want one religion forced upon them, their individual groups bound them. However, religion was also specific in many ways. Each state or region had its own specific religious group. Massachusetts was dominated by Puritans, as were many of the northern states. Maryland was a struggle between Catholics and Puritans. Pennsylvania was a melting pot of smaller denominations that were persecuted by he Puritans. Each group had a set of distinct convictions that they were willing to fght for. Denominations such as the Puritans, Quakers, and Catholics were very orthodox. Each group had a variation of orthodox and minimalist believers however. Puritans were very strict in their belief system and truly wanted to have a pure religion. Quakers and Catholics also uncompromisingly followed their beliefs as well though. However, Virginia which was mainly colonized by businessmen, was more minimalist in its approach, beliefs and practices, as most attended church because it as socially acceptable, not because they were pursuing knowledge of the Bible. Men such as Benjamin Franklin, who was thought to be a deist, are also minimalist.

Thursday, March 19, 2020

Science Fact or Fiction essays

Science Fact or Fiction essays The late 19th and 20th centuries have seen advances in technology and scientific understanding the likes of which have not been seen before in such a short amount of time in known Human history. In the last hundred and fifty years science has advanced so much that one would barely recognize the lifestyle of Humans before all these technological wonders. In fact, if the scientists and thinkers of pre-industrial society had had a glimpse of the technology available to the average early 21st century man they would probably surely think some sort of sorcery was involved and would not believe for one moment that all these technological innovations were based on concepts of the governing laws of the universe that have applied all through mankind's history. In fact, modern science looks pretty solid when one examines all of its wondrous creations and the fact that new ones keep coming out daily. For instance, it would appear that modern science has correctly solved the understanding of conc epts and principles which govern how electricity flows in a circuit. After all, computers, hair dryers, TV's and other such electronic devices use this scientific understanding to function properly and in turn most people use such devices every day, thus is this science proven every time such a device is used successfully? It is easy to classify such scientific understanding as fact when devices built upon the science work and work very dependably at that. However is this science fact as would appear, or is merely conjecture based upon an observable phenomenon? Perhaps something entirely different happens when we throw the switch on a light bulb and it illuminates than what science says happens. Even though the light bulb lights up every time, that does not necessarily mean that the scientific understanding of how the light bulb works is true. Take for instance the scientific principles of projectile motion. In a simplified form, current physics explains...

Tuesday, March 3, 2020

Ace the Interview Avoid These Questions!

Ace the Interview Avoid These Questions! The most stressful part of an interview for many people is when you’ve recapped the job responsibilities and your experience and the hiring manager leans back and says, â€Å"So, do you have any questions for me?† The recruiting whiz kids over at Careerealism have compiled a list of red flag questions that would make any employer think twice about your application- all you have to do is remember to ask  anything else.â€Å"Are you going to check my Facebook?†Recent court cases have actually begun to tilt in favor of applicant privacy, but it’s always better not to ask something that makes you look guilty. Before you go in for an interview, double-check your privacy settings and make sure you’ve vetted your friends list. Consider locking your Twitter and Instagram if you tend to be very free with your words there too!â€Å"What are the company perks?†If the company that’s interviewing wants to hire you, odds are they will tell you wha t perks to expect! Hold off until you’re filling out hiring paperwork with HR to ask about things like tech discounts or mileage reimbursements. A roundabout way to uncover the same information is â€Å"What do you love about working here?† or â€Å"How do you find the workplace culture?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Will I have to work evenings or weekends?†Again, wait until you have a job offer and see what your contract says. Nobody who â€Å"really wants a job† would ask this question- at least that’s how your prospective employer is likely to see it. Even if you know you’ll have childcare or transportation concerns, until the ink is dry, at least create the illusion that the company’s productivity comes before your own!â€Å"What exactly does your company do?†You would be better off kicking your shoes off and taking a nap mid-interview than asking this one. Who applies for a job- or worse, schedules an interview!- without learning at least a little about the company they’re visiting!? Believe me, I’ve been in that frenzied state of applying to e.v.e.r.y.t.h.i.n.g, and when I got the exciting interview call or email, I had to quickly Google and find out who on earth I’d just agreed to meet with.Do your research! Have a recent recent article that mentions the company or one of its clients ready to refer to, and have specific questions about this job  in this department. They don’t have to be particularly soul-searching, but they should be focused and reflect actual curiosity on your part.Now make sure your buttons are buttoned and your shoes are shined, and go ace that interview!

Sunday, February 16, 2020

Geographical Information System Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Geographical Information System - Research Paper Example GIS supports spatial analysis and modeling within the discipline of geography (e.g. location, proximity and spatial distribution), so that it becomes a vital tool for modern geography. (Molenaar, 1992) The data that will be used for this project for the project is available for an upland area of North-eastern United States. This area chosen for analysis and the beginner ski school is known as Browns Pond in the United States. Upon completion of the analysis the ed to use appropriate GIS will be used for such an analysis. The first problem that had to be analyzed was locating a Beginners' Ski School and finding the best location for a ski school catering for young children. The beginners ski mountain will have a consistent grade within a given ability level to provide an interesting ski experience for beginners. Comfortable Carrying Capacity (CCC) is defined as an optimal level of utilization for the ski area (the number of visitors that can be accommodated at any given time) which guarantees a pleasant recreational experience, while at the same time preserving the quality of the environment. The accurate estimation of the CCC of a mountain is a complex issue and is the single most important planning criterion for the beginners ski maintain. Given proper identification of the mountain's true capacity, all other related skier service facilities can be planned, such as base lodge seating, mountain restaurant requirements, sanitary facilities, parking, and other skier services. The CCC figure is based on a comparison of the uphill hourly capacity of the lift system to the downhill capacity of the trail (beginners) system, taking into account the typical amount of vertical terrain desired by skiers of beginner ability. Particular consideration should be given to the relationship of the base area to the beginner mountain facilities. Upon arrival at the ski area, skiers should be able to move directly from parking or other arrival points, through ticketing or rental locations, to the base of the lifts. Walking distance and vertical differential between the base area facilities and lifts should be minimized in an effort to move skiers directly onto the mountain. Vehicle, pedestrian, and skier circulation should be coordinated to create a safe and pleasant base area environment. The beginner skiers will not drive themselves to the mountain so this premise applies to their parents or whoever is supplying transportation to the beginning skier. The mountain master planning process emphasizes the importance of balancing recreational facility development. The size of the skier service functions must be adequate for the CCC of the mountain. The true capacity of the overall ski area is determined by the lowest of the limiting factors. The limiting factor of the ski area can either be trail capacity, lift capacity, support facility capacity, or parking capacity. The future development of a ski area should be designed and coordinated to maintain a balance between skier demand, ski area capacity (lifts and trails), and the supporting equipment and facilities (e.g., grooming machines, day lodge services and facilities, utility infrastructure, access, and parking). GIS calculations using an ArcView should be used to assess the following: Top Elevation - This is the elevation

Sunday, February 2, 2020

Globalization and the Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Globalization and the Media - Essay Example on the vulnerable and weaker cultures of varying communities. The essay aims at viewing cultural imperialism and whether the globalization of media is a form of cultural imperialism looking at both the positive and the negative aspects of globalization of media on cultural influences at large. Cultural imperialism can be understood as the form of imposing the values of one national culture upon others and media is considered to be in the central role for acting as the carriers of cultural images and meanings, which penetrate and then dominate the local culture of the subordinate nation (Schiller1989). For instance, Hollywood movies post Vietnam War presented the content and context in such a way that showed Vietnamese as uncivilized, thus making the war seem to be acceptable. In more particular concern, the owners of the global media production as well as transmission are just a small number of corporations and that too mostly Americans. For example, past two decades have witnessed the large and wide expansion of the pop music industry, 24 hour music channels like MTV in America, Asia and European countries. The fact is that the production and distribution of 70% of all the pop music is in hands of few multinational media corporations (Mowlana 1997). There are positive globalizers who see the globalization of media as the form of opening up to positive opportunities such as internet that provides voice to people and leading to democratization of the communication across the globe. On the other hand, pessimistic globalizers view this phenomenon of media globalization as a form of cultural imperialism where the whole process of production, distribution and promotion is in hands of few giant global media corporations, such as Viacom, Disney, Time-Warner, news Corporation, etc. The media products of these corporations joined with

Saturday, January 25, 2020

The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Stem Cell Research Philosophy Essay

The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Stem Cell Research Philosophy Essay Stem cell research. Straightforward words that mean a lot more than a newfound field in the scientific field. Stem cells have the chance to change everything that we know in the medical field as well as the potential to heal wounds and damaged organs. Yet using stem cells for research causes much debate and anger from those opposed to stem cell research but they are only focusing on the process and not the results of it.  Many oppose embryonic stem cell research because it kills a living human embryo in the process, which Pro Life advocates see as murder. There is an unending conflict between those who see as the potential to save lives, and those who see it as murder. Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) are cells that are created when a blastocyst is created after sperm enter the female egg. These stem cells are cells that havent been given a specific task yet, allowing scientists to extract them and use them for therapy. The cells, which are derived from several-day-old embryos, can theoretically differentiate into virtually any type of human cell, from blood cells to skin cells. Scientists hope to find ways of using them to repair damaged tissue. The potential use for these stem cells includes curing/treating a myriad of diseases, conditions, and disabilities including Parkinsons disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinal cord injury, HIV, burns, heart disease, diabetes, and arthritis (AAAS). There are multiple types of stem cells, which include adult stem cells and embryonic stem cells. Embryonic stem cells have the widest range of treatment because they can be differentiated into any type of cell, while adult stem cells can only be made into a few types of specific cells (Stem Cell Science). There are two main positions on embryonic stem cell research. The main reason the topic is controversial is because Pro life advocates, Christians, and many republicans see the destruction of the human embryo as murder or the ending of a potential human life. Critics argue that this destruction of human life is not worth the benefits because life is destroyed to potentially save another. The argument comes down to the same one as abortion, but at an even smaller scale. Blastocysts, which are destroyed in embryonic stem cell research are only made of 200 cells (there are 50 trillion in a human body) (Stem Cell Science). Pro life advocates argue that any destruction of potential human life is wrong, which creates tension between the scientific community and critics (Religious Tolerance). The Pro life argument targets those with strong religious backgrounds, and actively advertises that embryonic stem cell research is unethical. Opponents of hESC research believe that human life begins as soon as an egg is fertilized; and they consider a human embryo to be a human being. They therefore consider any research that necessitates the destruction of a human embryo to be morally abhorrent. Many critics of embryonic stem cell research, or ESCr, suggest that adult stem cell research is a better alternative because it does not destroy human embryos. Adult stem cells cannot be made into as many different types of cells that hESC can, which leads to disagreements. The pro life argument takes a strong ethical standpoint on science and medicine, which is a powerful and effective technique for making sure research is halted (NIH) (AAAS). The other side of the argument is the scientific viewpoint. Medical professionals and scientists hold that of stem cells have the potential to cure everything from Parkinsons to HIV. (NIH) The scientific community sees ESCr and its potential as a major breakthrough in medicine and science. The reason for outrage in the scientific community is that there is a large potential for life saving through ESCr, and that funding and public support is being threatened or ended because of the opposing side. Many scientists agree that ESCr has huge possibilities to cure Parkinsons and other infamous and deadly diseases. The main reason that scientists talk about the probability and potential of hESC is because due to opposition, much research hasnt been allowed to occur (Popular Issues) (PBS). Taking sides over embryonic stem cell research has its drawbacks. Scientists and politicians who take the pro-research side get attacked by people that are against it. Politicians especially come under fire due to the large support of anti-research that comes from many ethical foundations like the church. These foundations then lobby other politicians to fight funding for this research. This creates a conflict between the two opposing sides. Embryonic stem cell research is a topic that is contested by many, and would not be considered work safe due to the deep positions people take on the topic. The embryonic stem cell debate is a national argument, being more accepted in other countries than in America. There has been infamous legislation banning the funding for it by George W. Bush, and then the restoration of funding by President Barack Obama. Each party has their own view on the topic, with Republicans being generally more against ESCr, and democrats more for it. The Republican Party uses religious ethics to justify their standpoint on the topic, which is a very effective technique in America. Many people are very religious and so they immediately decide to be against ESCr (PBS) (Religious Tolerance) (Pros and Cons). A part of the controversy is over the use of adult stem cells. Many religious figures and politicians give adult stem cells as an all around better alternative to ESCr. This is contested by the scientific community due to the fact that adult stem cells can only be differentiated into less than half the cells that embryonic ones can. (NIH) Some opponents of ESCr also argue that research on stem cells obtained from adults is just as promising and makes research unnecessary. Most scientists, however, contest this claim citing great potential in the field of adult stem cells but several downsides with embryonic stem cells. Proponents of ESCr research advocate funding for both fields. Embryonic stem cells can be made into any type of cell in the human body. This allows hESC to be used to help with diseases like AIDS, Parkinsons, Alzheimers, brain cancer, and injuries such as spinal cord damage. Adult stem cells are a very popular alternative, but many scientists believe that cures lie in the study and research of all types of stem cells, not just adult ones. Lately, a new way to harvest stem cells has been proven effective; to take human skin cells and trick them into becoming stem cells (NIH). However, this is not an end to the moral issue, but instead may prove to make acquiring new types of stem cells harder, because Pro Lifers will say this is a way to avoid killing an embryo, even if it is already given up for science. A few major problems with the cells, is that they are simply not tough enough to undergo reproduction to create the new organ or cell type necessary. Also, the cells simply are physically older, and therefore cannot produce as well as embryonic stem cells, and are unsuitable for many operations. (Popular Issues) Though it is important to study this new kind of stem cell group, the use of embryonic stem cells cannot be discounted; as they are the most studied and have been established to be the most useful. Politicians and Lobbyists have put a stop to the growth of stem cell research, which can mean millions to those who are rightful to the treatments, while the research gained by the government is open to the public, which allows scientists to search for more cures. Former president Bill Clinton, under demands from the general population and elected officials, permitted stem cell research to be slowed down with the Dickey Amendment. This put a stop on all federal funding for stem cell research. While Clinton was still in office in, an ambiguity was found in the law that allowed for the embryo to be destroyed with non-governmental funds, and then experimented on with funding from the government. During this time, there was an increase in stem cell research, and numerous types of stem cells were discovered (AAAS) (PBS). President Obama passed legislation that allows funding for ESCr, which is a major step forward for research. Each political party opposes one another on this topic, so it is important for politicians to tell their followers which side theyve taken. The national community in the United States is divided on the topic of ESCr. Many are concerned about the ethical concerns of destroying embryos, but they also see the unbelievable benefits it could reap. Many are also faithful followers of the church, which mandates that no human life be destroyed. Pro Life advocates tell their followers that this is murder, which leads to opposition to ESCr. These attitudes reflect the Christian principles that America was founded upon. It also shows that a large amount of American politics and policies are affected enormously by religion (Religious Tolerance) (Popular Issues). I believe that the government should fund embryonic stem cell research and allow scientists to investigate the unbelievable potential in this field. Scientists have decided that they wont create embryos to destroy to get the stem cells for research, but use the many left over ones from in vitro fertilization, a technique of creating many human embryos to fertilize a woman, which often ends in many extra embryos being created. In-vitro leftovers allow embryos that would already be frozen and later destroyed to be put forward for a higher cause. People against ESCr argue that the use of leftover in-vitro embryos will lead to more abortions and embryos being destroyed (Religious Tolerance) (Science Daily). Much has been proven for the abilities of stem cells; one of the most recent is the creation of a hESC entirely from stem cells (PBS).This creates tension because people have always been against human cloning, as it poses the ethical difficulty of whether or not we can play God. Another problem with the stem cells is that if they are studied by mixing them with another organism, the new organism could become more humanlike and that is another moral problem that afflicts many people. These are very important ethical questions, but they should not be quarreled over by Congress, by politicians serving their citizens, who ironically consist of lobbyists; they should instead be debated and rules set by the scientific community, to protect the veracity of science, and prevent chaos through misunderstanding. Although there are many issues with the system, there is a large necessity to discover more types of stem cells. Without new stem cell lines we could otherwise see this type of scientif ic examination become purely theoretical in nature, which is like counting the number of how many angels you can fit on a pin. Stem cells are gifts to mankind, and are able to save untold amounts of people. We cannot allow an issue of religion and political partiality to discourage us from saving the people who need these stem cells the most. Stem cell research may be an ethical problem for some, but the prospects of growth and of treatment for the ill, far overshadows any hypothetical moral debate, as the lives of those who hurt, certainly should have treatments examined to provide a happy, and healthy life for them. The government should fund stem cell research, to provide the next person who needs help the treatment they ought to have.

Friday, January 17, 2020

Spring and All

In William Carols Williams' poem â€Å"Spring and All,† he uses vivid images and metaphors to compare nature to those who endure a deadly disease while quarantined in a contagious hospital. The piece of land surrounding the hospital has been tainted by the dead of winter, which is used to represent those who lost their lives due to the sickness. Then the speaker describes the appreciated transformation the land begins to show, as winter slowly turns into spring. The dead piece of land beginning to show signs of life is used to represent the few that survive and will get o leave the dreary hospital.The speaker describes the piece of land surrounding the hospital as muddy, lifeless, and cold. The description of the land during winter is used to symbolize the gloomy feel of the hospital and those who will never leave it, consumed by their illness. Like winter, those who have died are like â€Å"twiggy/ stuff of bushes and small trees/ with dead, brown leaves under them/ leafless vines-,† (10-13. ) The lifelessness of the land and the bare dead plants is used as a metaphor for the tragic deaths of the quarantined patients.The speaker describes the sky and weather as â€Å"mottled clouds driven from/ the northeast – a cold wind,† (3-4. ) The cold wind is used to symbolize the cold chill of death and the misery that will blow through families who lost their loved ones. The poem then begins to portray the beginning of spring and the diseased filled land commences on a slow transformation with a chance of vitality. The land Is â€Å"lifeless in appearance, sluggish/ dazed spring approaches,† (14-15. ) These lines are meant to symbolize the lives of those who struggled and survived through the Illness.At first they are stricken Ill and appear dead In their beds, but as spring approaches they awaken weak, but alive and full of hope. Spring approaches and â€Å"now the stark dignity of/ entrance – Still, the profound change/ has come upon them: rooted, they/ grip down and begin to awaken,† (25-28. ) Not only does the last stanza represent nature breaking through all the dead and being reborn but also those who survived a contagious disease and will receive another chance at life.Spring has always been a symbol of rebirth because dead, leafless, and flowerless plants begin new growth; animals awaken from their long winter slumber, and also a popular time for new life to enter the world. It makes sense that this poem compares spring with the lives of those who have overcome a serious Illness, and will get another shot at life, almost as If they have been reborn. In this poem, winter Is used as a symbol for those who lost their lives, and the sorrows that will freeze the hearts of their family and friends.On the other hand, spring Is used to Illustrate the rebirth of nature and the second chance to those who led on and fought to stay alive. As the land outside the contagious hospital begins to transform with new life and beautiful colors It represents the hope of those that survive and could look out one of the hospitals window and witness new life beginning to grow as they experience their own new chance at life. Work Cited Williams, William Carols. â€Å"Spring and All,† Literature: A Pocket Anthology. 4th deed. Deed. R. S. Gwynne. New York: Longhand, 2009. 597.Spring and All By Jones land commences on a slow transformation with a chance of vitality. The land is meant to symbolize the lives of those who struggled and survived through the illness. At first they are stricken ill and appear dead in their beds, but as spring approaches those who have overcome a serious illness, and will get another shot at life, almost as if they have been reborn. In this poem, winter is used as a symbol for those who lost their lives, and the spring is used to illustrate the rebirth of nature and the second chance to those who to transform with new life and beautiful colors it represents the hope of those that

Thursday, January 9, 2020

Comparison Of Engels And Marx Work Of The Communist...

The term and very idea of the working class and how it is perceived has been present and interpreted throughout history. This is proven from the three different written works that range in space and time, that includes: Engels and Marx’ work of The Communist Manifesto, Thompson’s work entitled The making of the Working Class, and finally Ballantyne and Burton’s Book, World Histories From Below (F. Engels., K. Marx, Feb. 1847., E. P. Thompson, Aug. 1963., T. Ballantyne., A. Burton, 2016). All three authors focus on the idea of the working class and how it risen in history, through the emergence of the proletariat vs. the bourgeois, the meaning of class itself, and the concept of history from below. All three works are separated between†¦show more content†¦Marx also proposes the important point that â€Å"capital, is developed, in the same proportion is the proletariat, the modern working class, developed -- a class of laborers, who live only so long as they find work, and who find work only so long as their labor increases capital. These laborers, who must sell themselves piecemeal, are a commodity, like every other article of commerce, and are consequently exposed to all the vicissitudes of competition, to all the fluctuations of the market† (F. Engels., K. Marx, Feb. 1847). The next text and concept that helps us to define the working class, is the idea of class itself, in The Making of the English Working Class, by Thompson. Thompson expresses that he sees class as a historical phenomenon and a historical relationship (E. P. Thompson, Aug. 1963). He expresses that class is shown to engaged with with people in a real content and that both do exists but not separately, as they can only exist when engaged in a relationship together (E. P. Thompson, Aug. 1963). You can not have one without the other, and that is how the cycle of class in society lives and thrives but â€Å"the class experience is largely determined by the p roductive relations into which men are born-or enter involuntarily† (E. P.Show MoreRelated The Political Impact on Humans Essay1225 Words   |  5 PagesKarl Marx and Friedrich Engels both thought about their current government and how they could create a form of government that would surpass their existing one. The Manifesto of the Communist Party politically influenced the Marxist society, other societies of his time, and our modern day society. Marx and Engels were both reform thinkers and philosophers. They wanted to bring about a radical change; they saw the proletariat working for the bourgeoisie, the capitalists. Marx andRead MoreThe Manifesto Of The Communist Party Essay1526 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: The Manifesto of the Communist party is a book written in 1847, by a group of radical workers part the â€Å"Communist League.† Including the radical workers, the group comprised of Karl Marx, and Friedrich Engels. They met in London to write a manifesto on their behalf, which would be famously known as the Communist Manifesto. Marx was the principle author, while Engels was mainly focused on editing and assisting. The Communist Manifesto was originally published in London in 1848. TheRead MoreHow Karl Mark Views Was Influenced By Views Of The Enlightenment1585 Words   |  7 Pageslectures and from the readings of the Communist Manifesto, we can derive the idea that Marx was against social class. 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Wednesday, January 1, 2020

The Heros Journey Meeting with the Mentor

The mentor is one of the archetypes drawn from the depth psychology of Carl Jung and the mythic studies of Joseph Campbell. Here, we are looking at the mentor as Christopher Vogler does in his book, The Writers Journey: Mythic Structure for Writers. All three of these modern men help us to understand the mentors role in humanity, in the myths that guide our lives, including religions, and in our storytelling, which is what we will focus on here. The Mentor The mentor is the wise old man or woman every hero meets fairly early in the most satisfying stories. The role is one of the most recognizable symbols in literature. Think Dumbledore from Harry Potter, Q from the James Bond series, Gandalf from Lord of the Rings, Yoda from Star Trek, Merlin from King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table, Alfred from Batman, the list is very long. Even Mary Poppins is a mentor. How many others can you think of? The mentor represents the bond between parent and child, teacher and student, doctor and patient, god and man. The function of the mentor is to prepare the hero to face the unknown, to accept the adventure. Athena, the goddess of wisdom, is the full, undiluted energy of the mentor archetype, Vogler says. Meeting with the Mentor In most heros journey stories, the hero is first seen in the ordinary world when he or she receives a call to adventure. Our hero generally refuses that call in the beginning, either afraid of what will happen  or satisfied with life as it is. And then someone like Gandalf appears to change the heros mind, and to bestow gifts and gadgets. This is the meeting with the mentor. The mentor gives the hero the supplies, knowledge, and confidence required to overcome his or her fear and face the adventure, according to Christopher Vogler, author of The Writers Journey: Mythic Structure. Keep in mind that the mentor doesnt have to be a person. The job can be accomplished by a map or experience from a previous adventure. In the Wizard of Oz, Dorothy meets a series of mentors: Professor Marvel, Glinda the Good Witch, Scarecrow, Tin Man, the Cowardly Lion, and the Wizard himself. Think about why the heros relationship with the mentor or mentors is important to the story. One reason is usually that readers can relate to the experience. They enjoy being a part of an emotional relationship between hero and mentor. Who are the mentors in your story? Are they obvious or subtle? Has the author done a good job of turning the archetype on its head in a surprising way? Or is the mentor a stereotypical fairy godmother or white-bearded wizard. Some authors will use the reader’s expectations of such a mentor to surprise them with a mentor completely different. Watch for mentors when a story seems stuck. Mentors are the ones who provide aid, advice, or magical equipment when all appears doomed. They reflect the reality that we all have to learn life’s lessons from someone or something.